Hyperparathyroidism   Calcitriol

Hyperparathyroidism is overactivity of the parathyroid glands resulting in excess production of parathyroid hormone (PTH). The parathyroid hormone monitors calcium and phosphorus levels and helps to maintain these levels. Overactivity of one or more of the parathyroid glands causes high calcium levels (hypercalcemia) and low levels of phosphorus in the blood. Hyperparathyroidism was first described and treated in the 1930s by Fuller Albright of Massachusetts General Hospital.
Primary hyperparathyroidism results from a hyperfunction of the parathyroid glands themselves. There is oversecretion of PTH due to adenoma, hyperplasia or, rarely, carcinoma of the parathyroid glands.
Secondary hyperparathyroidism is the reaction of the parathyroid glands to a hypocalcemia caused by other than a parathyroid pathology, e.g. chronic renal failure.
Tertiary hyperparathyroidism is a state of excessive secretion of parathyroid hormone (PTH) after a long period of secondary hyperparathyroidism and resulting in hypercalcemia.

Hypocalcemia    Calcitriol

Hypocalcemia is the presence of low serum calcium levels in the blood, usually taken as less than 2.2 mmol/L or 9mg/dl or an ionized calcium level of less than 1.1 mmol/L (4.5 mg/dL). It is a type of electrolyte disturbance. In the blood, about half of all calcium is bound to proteins such as serum albumin, but it is the unbound, or ionized, calcium that the body regulates. If a person has abnormal levels of blood proteins then the plasma calcium may be inaccurate. The ionized calcium level is considered more clinically accurate in this case. Calcium is an important mineral for maintaining human helath. It is not only a component of bones and teeth, but is also essential for normal blood clotting and necessary for normal muscle and nerve functions.