Nasal polyposis Budesonide

Nasal polyps are polypoidal masses arising mainly from the mucous membranes of the nose and paranasal sinuses. The condition of nasal polyps is sometimes called nasal polyposis.They are overgrowths of the mucosa that frequently accompany allergic rhinitis. They are freely moveable and non-tender. Nasal polyps are usually classified into antrochoanal polyps and ethmoidal polyps. Antrochoanal polyps arise from the maxillary sinuses and are much less common, ethmoidal polyps arise from the ethmoidal sinuses. Antrochoanal polyps are usually single and unilateral whereas ethmoidal polyps are multiple and bilateral. Symptoms of polyps include nasal block, sinusitis, anosmia or loss of smell, and secondary infection leading to headache

Non-infectious rhinitis Budesonide

Rhinitis is the medical term describing irritation and inflammation of some internal areas of the nose. The primary symptom of rhinitis is a runny nose. It is caused by chronic or acute inflammation of the mucous membrane of the nose due to viruses, bacteria or irritants. The inflammation results in the generating of excessive amounts of mucus producing a runny nose, nasal congestion and post-nasal drip. According to recent studies completed in the United States, more than fifty millon Americans are current sufferers. Rhinitis has also been found to adversely affect more than just the nose, throat, and eyes. It has been associated with sleeping problems, problems with the ears, and even been linked to learning problems.

Allergic rhinitis Mometasone furoate

Allergic rhinitis, also known as pollenosis or hay fever, is an allergic inflammation of the nasal airways. It occurs when an allergen, such as pollen, dust or animal dander (particles of shed skin and hair) is inhaled by an individual with a sensitized immune system. In such individuals, the allergen triggers the production of the antibody immunoglobulin E (IgE), which binds to mast cells and basophils containing histamine.
 IgE bound to mast cells are stimulated by pollen and dust, causing the release of inflammatory mediators such as histamine (and other chemicals). This usually causes sneezing, itchy and watery eyes, swelling and inflammation of the nasal passages, and an increase in mucus production. Symptoms vary in severity between individuals. Very sensitive individuals can experience hives or other rashes. Particulate matter in polluted air, and chemicals such as chlorine and detergents, which can normally be tolerated, can greatly aggravate allergic rhinitis.
Allergies are common. Heredity and environmental exposures may contribute to a predisposition to allergies. It is roughly estimated that one in three people have an active allergy at any given time and at least three in four people develop an allergic reaction at least once in their lives.

Non-allergic rhinitis  RINAR

Rhinitis is a common respiratory disease that affects 20–40% of the western population, and its incidence is rising. Etiologically, rhinitis can be divided into two types: allergic rhinitis and nonallergic rhinitis (NAR). Allergic rhinitis is clinically defined as an IgE-mediated inflammatory response after allergen exposure of the nasal mucosa. Symptoms of rhinitis include rhinorrhea, nasal obstruction, nasal itching and sneezing. The diagnosis is based on clinical manifestations and a positive skin prick test (SPT) or serum-specific IgE (sIgE) antibodies to aeroallergens. In contrast, rhinitis is defined as nonallergic when an allergic cause has been ruled out by the presence of an inconsistent clinical history, a negative Skin Prick Test and the absence of serum sIgE antibodies.  Rhinitis is often assumed to be solely an allergic pathology. However, according to the National Rhinitis Classifi cation Task Force, 43% of the cases are pure allergic rhinitis, 23% pure non allergic rhinitis and the remaining have mixed causes. Both allergic and non allergic rhinitis may have persistent and equally severe symptoms in terms of rhinorrea, sneezing, itching.   Patients with Vasomotor Rhinitis suffer from variable degrees of nasal blockage and watery nasal discharge or drip. They may also complain of a poor sense of smell and taste as a result of impaired ventilation of the sensitive olfactory areas in the roof of the nose. These variations often occur without apparent rhyme or reason, but are often triggered by environmental changes, eg, extremes of temperature and humidity. Exposure to bright sunlight and sleep deprivation may also result in an exacerbation of vasomotor rhinitis. Spicy and warm foods may also cause problems.